Otimismo: Teoria e Aplicabilidade para a Psicologia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20435/pssa.v0i0.898Palavras-chave:
otimismo, teoria, psicologiaResumo
Estudos revelam que otimistas apresentam mais comportamentos de promoção de saúde, maior qualidade de vida e melhores índices de saúde física e mental. Diante disso, este trabalho objetivou apresentar aspectos conceituais, principais medidas usadas para aferir o otimismo e evidências de pesquisa em relação ao otimismo, por meio de um estudo teórico. Inicialmente, delimitou-se o conceito de otimismo, teoria e seus principais tipos. Em seguida, abarcaram-se evidências da relação do otimismo com saúde, coping e bem-estar, caracterizando o seu impacto na saúde das pessoas. Elencaram-se, por fim, intervenções relacionadas à manutenção ou ao aumento dos níveis de otimismo e seus resultados. Em geral, viu-se que o otimismo influencia positivamente o ajustamento psicológico em diferentes contextos. Ao final, foram feitas recomendações de novos estudos, com base nas lacunas detectadas na produção nacional a respeito da temática.
Referências
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.87.149
Avvenuti, G., Baiardini, I., & Giardini, A. (2016). Optimism’s explicative role for chronic diseases. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(295), 1-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00295
Balck, F., Lippmann, M., Jeszenszky, C., Günther, K-P., & Kirschner, S. (2015). The influence of optimism on functionality after total hip replacement surgery. Journal of Health Psychology, 1-10. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105314566256
Bandeira, M., Bekou, V., Lott., K. S., Teixeira, M. A., & Rocha, S. R. (2002). Validação transcultural do Teste de Orientação da Vida (TOV-R). Estudos de Psicologia, 7(2), 251-258.
Bastianello, M. R., & Hutz, C. S. (2015). Do otimismo explicativo ao disposicional: A perspectiva da Psicologia Positiva. Psico-USF, 20(2), 237-247. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200205
Bastianello, M. R., Pacico, J. C., & Hutz, C. H. (2014). Optimism, self-esteem and personality: Adaptation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Psico-USF, 19(3), 523-531. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712014019003014
Carver, C. S, & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Optimism. In Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 231-243). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 293-299. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2019). Optimism. In Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 61-76). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000138-005
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879-889. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
Carver, C. S., Smith, R. G., Antoni, M. H., Petronis, V. M., Weiss, S., & Derhagopian, R. P. (2005). Optimistic personality and psychosocial well-being during treatment predict psychosocial well-being among long-term survivors of breast cancer. Health Psychology, 24(5), 508-516. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.5.508
Çikrıkci, Ö., Erzen, E., & Yeniçeri, I. A. (2018). Self-esteem and optimism as mediators in the relationship between test anxiety and life satisfaction among a school-based sample of adolescents. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 1-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2018.10
Chang, E. C. (1998). Does dispositional optimism moderate the relation between perceived stress and psychological well-being? A preliminar investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 233-240.
Chang, E. C., Chang, R., & Sanna, L. J. (2009). Optimism, pessimism, and motivation: Relations to adjustment. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 3/4, 494-506. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00190.x
Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 524-531. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.16.3.524
Forgeard, M. J. C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). Seeing the glass half full: A review of the causes and consequences of optimism. Pratiques psychologiques, 18, 107-120. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prps.2012.02.002
Harris, A. J. L., & Hahn, U. (2011). Unrealistic optimism about future life events: A cautionary note. Psychological Review, 118(1), 135-154. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020997
He, F., Zhou, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., & Guan, H. (2014). Effect of perceived social support and dispositional optimism on the depression of burn patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 1-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105314546776
Hernández, O. S., & Carrillo, F. X. M. (2009). El optimismo como factor protector de la depresión infantil y adolescente. Clínica y Salud, 20(3), 273-280.
Heyman, G. D., Dweck, C. S., & Cain, K. M. (1992). Young children’s vulnerability to self-blame and helplessness: Relationship to beliefs about goodness. Child Development, 63, 401-415.
Huffman, J. C., Boehm, J. K., Beach, S. R., Beale, E. E., DuBois, C. M., & Healy, B. C. (2016). Relationship of optimism and suicidal ideation in three groups of patients at varying levels of suicide risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 76-84. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.020
Jefferson, A., Bortolotti, L., & Kuzmanovic, B. (2016). What is unrealistic optimism? Consciousness and Cognition, 50, 3-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.005
Karademas, E. C. (2006). Self-efficacy, social support and well-being the mediating role of optimism. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1281-1290.
Kim, E. S., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2011). Dispositional optimism protects older adults from stroke the health and retirement study. Stroke, 42, 2855-2859. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.613448
Lai, J. C., & Cheng, S. T. (2004). Health beliefs, optimism, and health‐related decisions: A study with Hong Kong Chinese. International Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 179-189. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000303
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Nir, D. (2014). Looking forward to tomorrow: The buffering effect of a daily optimism intervention. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(2), 122-136. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.853202
Lu, X., Xie, B., & Guo, Y. (2018). The trickle-down of work engagement from leader to follower: The roles of optimism and self-efficacy. Journal of Business Research, 84, 186-195. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.014
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 3-46.
Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (2016). Can psychological interventions increase optimism? A meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221122
Martinho, R. P. (2018). Educar para o otimismo e para as emoções positivas. (Dissertação de Mestrado, Departamento de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Faro, Portugal). Recuperado de https://sapientia.ualg.pt/bitstream/10400.1/12177/1/Dissertação-Rute%20Martinho.pdf
Mueller, C. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 32-52.
Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 235-251. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3
Ottati, F., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2017). Factor structure of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 20(1), 32-39. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2017.20.1.3
Paludo, S. S., & Koller, S. H. (2007). Psicologia Positiva: Uma nova abordagem para antigas questões. Paidéia, 17(36)
Peters, M. L., Flink, I. K., Boersma, K., & Linton, S. J. (2010). Manipulating optimism: Can imagining a best possible self be used to increase positive future expectancies? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 204-211. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439761003790963
Peters, M. L., Meevissen, Y. M. C., & Hanssen, M. M. (2013). Specificity of the best possible self intervention for increasing optimism: Comparison with a gratitude intervention. Terapia Psicológica, 31(1), 93-100. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082013000100009
Peterson, C., Semmel, A., yon Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6(3), 287-299.
Peterson, C., & Steen, T. A. (2002). Optimistic explanatory style. In Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 244-256). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Reppold, C. T., Gurgel, L. G., & Schiavon, C. C. (2015). Research in Positive Psychology: A systematic literature review. Psico-USF, 20(2), 275-285. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200208
Rodríguez-Naranjo, C., & Caño, A. (2010). Development and validation of an attributional style questionnaire for adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 837-851. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020426
Sanjuán, P., Magallares, A., González, J. L., & Pérez-García, A. (2013). Estudio de la validez de la versión española del cuestionario de estilo atribucional ante situaciones negativas. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 18(1), 61-71.
Santos, L. C. S., & Faro, A. (2015). Relações entre Autoestima e Sentido da Vida: Estudo com amostragem domiciliar em Aracaju (SE). Clínica & Cultura, 4(2), 54-69.
Santos, M. C. (2018). Construção e validação de uma escala de otimismo para adultos. (Tese de Doutorado, Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP). Recuperado de http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/tede/1073/2/MARCIA%20CALIXTO%20DOS%20SANTOS.pdf
Sbicigo, J. B., Teixeira, M. A. P., Dias, A. C. G., & Dell’Aglio, D. D. (2012). Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (EAGP). Psico, 43(2), 139-146.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219-247.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical wellbeing: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive therapy and research, 16(2), 201-228.
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078.
Scheier, M. F., Matthews, K. A., Owens, J. F., Schulz, R., Bridges, M. W., Magovern, G. J., & Carver, C. S. (1999). Optimism and rehospitalization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Archives of internal medicine, 159(8), 829-835.
Schulman, P., Keith, D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1993). Is optimism heritable? A study of twins. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 569-574.
Segerstrom, S. C. (2007). Optimism and resources: Effects on each other and on health over 10 years. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 772-786. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.09.004
Sharot, T., Korn, C. W., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality. Nature Neuroscience, 14(11), 1475-1479. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2949
Shepperd, J. A., Klein, W. M. P., Waters, E. A., & Weinstein, N. D. (2013). Taking stock of unrealistic optimism. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 395-411. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691613485247
Sing, C. Y., & Wong, W. S. (2011). The effect of optimism on depression: The mediating and moderating role of insomnia. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(8), 1251-1258. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311407366
Tavakoly, F. M., Namdari, K., & Esmaili, M. (2014). Effect of psychodrama-based group training for healthy lifestyle on psychological balance, spiritual well-being and optimism. Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine, 4(4), 346-351.
Tucker, R. P., Wingate, L. R., O’Keefe, V. M., Mills, A. C., Rasmussen, K., Davidson, C. L., & Grant, D. M. (2013). Rumination and suicidal ideation: The moderating roles of hope and optimism. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 606-611. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.013
Waters, E. A., Klein, W. M. P., Moser, R. P., Yu, M., Waldron, W. R., McNeel, T. S., & Freedman, A. N. (2011). Correlates of unrealistic risk beliefs in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 34, 225-235. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9303-7
Weber, L. N. D., Prado, P. M., Brandenburg, O. J., & Viezzer, A. P. (2003). Avaliação da validade do questionário de estilo de atribuição para crianças (casq). Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 7(2), 161-170.
Weinberg, M., Besser, A., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Neria, Y. (2015). Dispositional optimism and selfesteem as competing predictors of acute symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders and dissociative experiences among civilians exposed to war trauma. Journal of Psychological Trauma , 7(1), 34-42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035170
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os artigos publicados na Revista Psicologia e Saúde têm acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições, desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
.jpg)
